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The International Society of Professional Valuers |
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Nor-Cal
Chapter Newsletter |
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March 2009 |
The American Society of Appraisers Volume II, Number 4 |
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In This · Officers · Images Links to Info: ASA ·
ASA Home Page ·
Site Map ·
Events Calendar ·
2009 Conference Sea World, Orlando ASA HQ Staff Liaisons: Accreditation Issues BV, PP & GJ - Giovanna MTS, RP & ARM – Sabri Handouts & Info for Member
& Candidates · Calendar Links to Photos Contact Us Vice-President Treasurer Past President M&TS Director PP Director RP
Director Newsletter: Send articles, notices or calendar
events to
NorCal Website:
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Program Meeting Thursday, April 9
6:30 pm (mixer) 7:00 (dinner) Place: L’Olivier Restaurant, 465 Davis Court, San Francisco in the main dinning room.
(415-981-7824) The restaurant is easily accessible via BART (Embarcadero
Station) and $5 valet parking is available. NOTE: The dinner is being partly subsidized by the chapter,
so the cost is a low $37. Please RSVP
by April 2 to Secretary Gil Mitchell at gil.e.mitchell@gmail.com
and let him know you are coming. Do not reply to the email address—Gil is the
one who needs to know!
We are excited that Captain Rodgers will be addressing our chapter on the interesting art and science of Marine Surveying. If you are into boats and ships, see how many vessels you can identify on Joe’s “Sailing Quiz” at http://www.rodgersandassociates.com/index1.htm! President’s MessageRobin J. Erdmann, ASA, MRICS MAI Our March meeting speaker featured Richard Pearlman, a dealer and enthusiast of rare ancient coins. Richard’s presentation was about the history of coins and how they were crafted as it affects value. Quality of materials and workmanship all determine coin value. Societies in ancient times also had to deal with counterfeit money. Nothing changes. We had 23 attendees for this meeting. In fact, we are averaging 20-25 attendees for each dinner meeting. Attendance is up substantially over last year. Ray Mattison won the raffle for the evening, winning a $175 rare coin donated by Mr. Pearlman. Thank you to Nancy Stacy, ASA, for inviting Mr. Pearlman as our speaker. He was among many familiar friends who came to hear him speak. The next three meetings promise additional interesting topics. The April meeting will feature Captain Joseph Rogers, a pre-eminent marine surveyor from Santa Cruz. For all you folks who own boats of one sort or another, Joe will probably give you some tips on what to look for in your own boat—or prospective boat. You don’t have to own a boat to learn about the intricacies of evaluating them. The May meeting will feature ASA Governor Jim Brown, who will provide the chapter with a “State of the ASA” presentation. Many changes are occurring at the national level, most notably greater cooperation with the American Society of Farm Managers & Rural Appraisers (ASFMRA), and the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyor (RICS). The Real Property section has also developed very strong ties with the National Association of Independent Fee Appraisers (NAIFA). Learn the state of these negotiations and other inside scoop regarding our Society as a whole at this important meeting. Our final meeting during my tenure as your president is our June Candidates Night. This is always a sold-out event, and we can accept only the first 50 registrants. We also have several seminars scheduled for your benefit. On May 21, we will be sponsoring the Zoning & Site Analysis seminar with Dave Lewis at the Sheraton Petaluma at the Petaluma Marina, just off of Highway 101. Costs will be $195 for regular member registration, $175 for early-bird member registration, and $225 for non-members. Membership rates will be extended to ASFMRA, RICS, REAA, NAIFA, and AI members. The price will include continental breakfast, morning and afternoon breaks, and lunch, as well as class materials. This seminar will be of most interest, but not limited to, real estate appraisers. Our Filoli seminar is scheduled for June 4 in Woodside. Doug Baxter and Emily Newell are finalizing the program details. It is not just for the personal property appraiser, but for anyone interested in the era when California had a baronial class that lived large and collected well. We are already beginning to plan for fall seminars, too. Your board approved scheduling a two day, 15 hour USPAP seminar followed by a one day expert witness seminar October 1, 2 and 3. It will be sponsored as an adjunct to an International Plant and Machinery Conference, co-sponsored by ASA, to be held at the Marriott Fisherman’s Wharf October 4 – 7. We expect a significant international participation in this event. This is also Fleet Week in San Francisco. The chapter agreed to sponsor a coffee break for the International Conference to showcase our chapter’s commitment to the MTS discipline. The Business Valuation folks are also looking to sponsor
a seminar with Dennis Webb, ASA, a member of both the BV and RP disciplines.
Dennis is a member of the Southern California
chapter. He will focus on minority interest analysis. We have a growing list of dinner speakers and seminars that we are planning for the coming year. It’s your Board’s intent to provide you with a range of services and opportunities and to encourage you to get involved. If there is a dinner speaker or seminar you would like to have the chapter sponsor, please let us know. Until next month………. Thursday, May 14 ASA
NorCal Dinner Meeting
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APRIL 2009 9th (Thurs) Captain Joseph
Rodgers – Marine Survey ASFMRA
Spring Outlook |
MAY 2009 14th (Thur) Chapter
Meeting – Gov. Jim Brown, “State of
ASA” 21st Dave Lewis’s, ASA, Zoning & Site Analysis seminar |
JUNE 2009 4th ASA Filoli PP Seminar:
“Tastes of the Barons” (tentative) 11th (Thur) Chapter Meeting – “Candidates’ Night” |
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JULY
2009 ASA Conference, Orlando
FL · July 10: Budget and Finance/ Executive Committee
Meeting · July 11: Board of Governors Meeting · July 11-12: Other Committee Meetings · July 13-15th ASA Conference Ed Sessions No
Chapter Meeting – Join us at Conference! |
AUG 2009 13th (Thur) No
Chapter Meeting? |
SEPT 2009 10th (Thur)
Chapter Meeting; Meet your new chapter officers! |
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OCTOBER 2009 8th (Thur)
Chapter Meeting 4-7 MTS International
Conference at Fisherman's Wharf |
NOVEMBER
2009 12th (Thur)
Chapter Meeting |
DECEMBER
2009 10th (Thur)
Chapter Meeting? |
Palace of the Legion of Honor: located in Lincoln
Park near 34th Avenue and Clement Street.
Artistic
Luxury: Fabergé, Tiffany, Lalique - February
7, 2009 — May 31, 2009
Waking Dreams: Max
Klinger and the Symbolist Print - February 28, 2009 — July 5, 2009
De Young Museum: 50 Hagiwara Tea Garden Drive,
Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118; 415.750.3600; www.deyoungmuseum.org
Tutankhamun and the
Golden Age of the Pharaohs returns to San Francisco 30 years after the blockbuster
1979 exhibition—with four new objects! - June 26, 2009 — March 28, 2010
Warhol
Live - February 14, 2009 — May 17, 2009
Yves Saint Laurent - November 1, 2008 — April 5, 2009
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Appraisal
Regulation
By Charles B. Warren, MRICS, ASA-urban real property
Now that we are in the middle of a disaster there is a great hue and cry for regulatory reform. We were here before in the early 1990's. The answer on that occasion was licensing. Licensing did and does have some potential to address the proper evaluation of collateral for loan purposes. In the intervening years, however, it was subject to what is known in political science as "regulatory capture*".
The emphasis in the Cuomo proposal on AMCs to the exclusion of in-house or directly contracted appraisal services does nothing effective to address the inadequacy of appraisal and licensure. It is merely an extreme example of regulatory capture and sows the seed for the next crop of mortgage problems.
After the savings and loan bubble, Congress passed FIRREA (FIRREA). One of its provisions was that appraisals for loan purposes be obtained only by the lender (rather than the borrower) from appropriately qualified and licensed appraisers. Sounds good. Might have even worked.
My comments and observations apply to California. The implementation went fairly smoothly. There wasn't, however, any budget for enforcement for a number of years. The Republican governor appointed an appraiser to head the Office of Real Estate Appraisers. In the late 1990's the Democrat legislature held hearings impugning his competence and integrity. He was removed. The Democrat governor appointed an "acting director" whose experience was in alcoholic beverage control. The acting director addressed one of the legislature's concerns, processing of license applications. While the quality of applicants at the trainee level was pretty abysmal, pass rates on the test at or below 50%, persistence paid. After enough repetitions motivated trainees passed and were licensed. At one point an old friend who worked at OREA said, "The foxes haven't just gotten into the henhouse, they've taken over and established a breeding program." At the height of the bubble over one-third of California appraisal licensees were trainees.
About a year ago the AQB established more stringent educational standards for appraisal licensure. At about the same time the governor, now a Republican again, appointed a permanent director for OREA who had at least some appraisal experience. Obviously, both measures were a bit
belated. That doesn't mean that quality appraisal isn't achievable by these and other related measures**.
The present direction, proposed by Mr. Cuomo and known as HVCC (Home Valuation Code of Conduct), however, is unlikely to succeed. It identifies in-house appraisal and client-appraiser contact as the root of the appraisal quality problem and proposes a (relatively) new intermediary, the Appraisal Management Company (AMC), to separate the institution from the appraiser.
In house appraisal is not necessarily a problem. It is only a problem if the management of the institution is uninterested in a quality appraisal product. At one point in ancient history, the chief appraiser of Wells Fargo Bank was personally wealthy. Between him and his wife they controlled a significant percentage of its stock. He believed in quality and there wasn't anybody in management who could push him around. He was replaced with a sincere young man who was dependent on his salary.
Shortly afterward (1982) 90% of the appraisal staff was laid off. They were empanelled to contract independently for the bank, but to be employed by the borrowers. The explicit reason was to "put them closer to the customer". It took about two years to get most of the bank veterans off the panel. The appraisal department was always part of loan origination. In another case a mortgage company replaced a certified general appraisal licensee with a trainee to review their lending appraisals statewide. The head of underwriting quality control opined that quality control was purely his job. Lessons learned - the in-house appraisal department can produce a quality product. However, it has to be protected, either by the resources and integrity of its chief or some regulatory measure. Making appraisal part of, say, the audit or regulatory compliance departments might help.
In the last decade lenders contracting appraisal services has not been a particular problem because it has been rare. While FIRREA mandated lenders to contract for and obtain their own appraisals, during the last boom mortgage companies asked their borrowers to pay for, sometimes even obtain their own appraisals. Mortgage companies also eclipsed traditional lenders' market share. Attacking the relationship between lender and appraiser is not addressing a problem, but may be creating one.
In the new lending order appraisals will be ordered through appraisal management companies (AMCs). AMCs have no specific regulatory oversight.*** They basically are "black boxes". Appraisal requests are made by the lender. An AMC receives them. Orders go out to selected appraisers. Appraisals come back to the AMC and are somehow transmitted back to the lenders. How is the AMC selected? Could it be simply an off-balance-sheet affiliate of the lender? If not, why not? How are the appraisers selected? Is quality a function of education, experience and licensure, or speedy, reliable agreeability? The appraisal when received back at the AMC is presumably subject to review, also change? If changed, how is that to be supervised and what criteria apply to changes? This leaves out the issue of payment.
At present AMCs take about half of appraisal fees. Appraisers can only do a small finite number of quality appraisals per day and they have overhead expenses. At best, over the long run, appraisal fees might go up a little, but appraisal hourly rates will go down. Good appraisers are probably underpaid for their skills at present. Reducing their potential pay down to the low two-digit numbers is unlikely to attract high quality people to the field or even retain present well qualified people. Those with the ability to do as well or better in other fields will do so. I'm told that Pier 39, a local San Francisco tourist spot, is paying $15 per hour for clowns to tie balloons into swords and animals for kids. Of course there is presently a pool of under-qualified and underemployed appraisers who entered the field in the last five or ten years who might find those wages attractive. They might have worked in situations during the bubble where their take-home was no better.
Unfortunately the quality of their work is now pretty well known to be minimal. But you get what you pay for.
What the AMC does provide is known in intelligence tradecraft as a "cut-out". The next time that appraisal quality is an issue, the lenders can simply point at the AMC and say, "I relied on them!" The AMC can then try to let it roll downhill to the appraisers. The appraisers, who may not have been contracted at all if they hadn't been willing to cut corners or even fabricate information, also may have gone back to selling used cars or working in telemarketing. The net effect is to give the lender "plausible deniability". As with the present situation, those who benefited most from creating the problem are absolved of most blame.
If that isn't a case of regulatory capture, it must be one of regulatory blindness.
So, in the brave new world of the AMC important people will be seen to have "done something". That the something they did achieved no positive result won't be obvious for more than one election cycle. The effect of giving savings and loans permission to write commercial development loans (1980-2) wasn't obvious right away either (1989).****
Charles B. Warren, MRICS,
ASA-urban real property
San Francisco
415.433.0959
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulatory_capture
** Simply requiring lenders to assign appraisals
to appropriately licensed people whose office is proximal to the appraised
property in numeric order of their license would remove lender pressure from
the appraiser.
*** 2nd definition may be more appropriate - http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/oversight
****The S&L Crisis: A Chrono-Bibliography - http://www.fdic.gov/bank/historical/s&l/index.html
James H. Schilt, ASA
James Schilt,
ASA, a major contributor and tireless crusader for the business valuation
profession, died on March 18, 2009 in his San Francisco home after a long
illness. He was 81.
As one of the
founding members of the American Society of Appraisers (ASA) Business
Valuation Committee in 1981, Jim became synonymous with the work of the
Committee for treading new ground and challenging established opinions on the
business valuation process. Jim will most likely be remembered by many of his
ASA colleagues as the first editor and editor emeritus of The Business Valuation Review. He held
this position for almost twenty years from March 1982 to December 2001.
Affectionately
known by his colleagues on the ASA Business Valuation Committee as “Dr.
Schilt”, Jim was one of the members of the Committee’s Editorial Review Board
where he authored numerous articles providing “ground-breaking” business
appraisal models and processes that are still widely used by the appraisal
community today. His articles were published in numerous technical journals,
including those of the ASA, CFA and others. As editor, Jim was an innovative
force in providing opportunities for younger appraisers and especially women
who were not part of the early business valuation process, to contribute
their knowledge and expertise to The
Business Valuation Review’s content. Jim was also an active member of the
Valuation Roundtable of San Francisco and continued in the capacity as member
of the ASA San Francisco Bay Area Chapter until his death.
Born in Lake
Oswego, Oregon, Jim served in the US Merchant Marine on victory ships in the
Atlantic at the end of World War Two. He also served in the US Army in
Germany where he met his wife, Franca, a native of Italy. While living in
Europe, Jim attended Trinity College, part of Cambridge University in England
and became a non-resident member of the Oxford-Cambridge Club in London. Jim
has been a generous donor to the 1209 Society, established by Cambridge in
America to recognize the generous donations of benefactors living in the
United States. After moving to the San Francisco Bay Area with his wife, Jim
graduated from Stanford University in 1951 with a BA in Economics. Before
beginning his career in business appraisal as a sole practitioner, Jim worked
as a financial analyst for several San Francisco-based boutique investment
banks.
A peerless
raconteur, Jim will always be fondly remembered for his love and devotion to
his wife Franca, his always impeccable dress, his extensive photography and
antique camera collection and his wide-ranging collection of books. Jim
attributed his longevity to “…Bombay Sapphire Gin martinis, a curmudgeonly
attitude and lifelong love of his work.”
Jim
is survived by a brother, Steven Schilt of Newport Beach, CA and a niece,
Sarah of Ontario, Canada.
WHEN
GOOD LEASES GO BAD:
WORKOUT
STRATEGIES FOR LANDLORDS AND TENANTS
By Douglas Van Gessel, Esq., and Katharine
E. Allen, Esq *
With consumer confidence plunging and companies significantly reducing their work- forces, the remainder of 2009 will likely bring a rise in troubled commercial leases. Office and retail tenants alike will find themselves burdened with either too much space or rent that exceeds current market rates. Either way, more and more tenants will begin contemplating lease restructuring in the upcoming year.
The simplest solution for a tenant seeking to reduce its occupancy costs is to find a subtenant. However, in the current market, subleasing may not be feasible for most tenants due to an increase in supply and a decrease in demand for commercial space. Accordingly, tenants may seek more creative alternatives to alleviate their lease burden. Prior to taking action, the initial question a tenant must ask is whether the tenant and its business are sustainable in the long run. The answer to this question not only dictates the tenant's strategy in approaching its landlord, but also the options available to it.
Strategies for a
Non-Sustainable Tenant
If, after careful consideration, a tenant determines that its business is not sustainable, reorganization or even dissolution is likely inevitable. This tenant will probably first attempt to reorganize or dissolve its affairs on its own, which, among other things, will require negotiating the early termination of its commercial leases. If all else fails, this tenant will file for bankruptcy.
If the tenant knows its business is going to fail, its first course of action will likely be to approach its landlord about voluntarily terminating its lease. With the threat of bankruptcy looming, a landlord may be more inclined to discuss this option in order to avoid receiving little or no lease damages in a bankruptcy liquidation. A lease termination agreement generally provides for the early termination of a lease in exchange for a lump sum payment to the landlord equal to a few months' rent due under the lease plus any unamortized portion of tenant improvement and brokerage costs incurred in connection with the lease. Additionally, the parties may wish to address other issues in the lease termination agreement, such as what happens to any rent already past due, the security deposit, the condition of the premises upon surrender, and the removal of tenant improvements or furniture. A savvy tenant will also bargain for a general release of all claims and obligations under its lease (including California Civil Code Section 1542 language) as part of any lease termination agreement.
A key obstacle a tenant may encounter in negotiating a lease termination agreement is its ability to make a termination payment. The termination payment is generally made upon termination in a lump sum cash payment. In many instances, the security deposit held by the landlord can be used to offset the amount of the termination payment. However, if the tenant cannot make a lump sum cash payment even with the application of the security deposit, the parties may consider an installment payment arrangement. Nonetheless, a landlord will likely have concerns about such an arrangement given the uncertainty over the continued existence of the tenant and its ability to make those payments when they come due. The landlord might suggest that any such payment obligation be secured by a letter of credit or promissory note secured by additional collateral.
While the threat of bankruptcy may give the landlord an incentive to reach an agreement for the early termination of a lease, this threat is somewhat of a double-edged sword. Landlords should be aware that if the tenant ends up filing for bankruptcy even after its initial restructuring or dissolution attempts, any termination agreement entered into within ninety days prior to the tenant filing for bankruptcy risks being treated as a preferential transaction under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. As a result, a landlord could end up being bound by the termination agreement but having to return any payments made under the agreement within such ninety day period to the bankruptcy estate. Therefore, any lease termination agreement should state that it unwinds and the parties retain their existing remedies if the agreement is deemed a preference in bankruptcy court.
If a failing tenant is not successful in negotiating a lease termination agreement with its landlord, its only other option to rid itself of its lease may be through bankruptcy. If the tenant files for bankruptcy, the bankruptcy trustee, upon request by the tenant within 120 days after the bankruptcy petition (subject to extension for an additional 120 days) has the power to reject the lease, thus effectively forcing the landlord to accept termination. If the lease is rejected, Section 502(b)(6) of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code caps the amount of damages recoverable by the landlord to the greater of (a) twelve months rent or (b) fifteen percent of the rent for the remainder of the lease term, not to exceed three years. The amount of any security deposit or draws made on any letter of credit held by the landlord will be applied to offset these capped damages. However, the stark reality for a landlord is that it will likely not receive its statutory damages unless there are sufficient funds in the bankruptcy estate to pay all of the tenant's unsecured creditors.
Strategies for a
Sustainable Tenant
If a tenant's business is sustainable in the long run and it simply suffers from a temporary decrease in profitability, the goal of both the landlord and the tenant should be to arrive at some compromise to ensure that the lease also remains sustainable. In this instance, bankruptcy is not an effective option and, in any event, the tenant will most likely want to keep the leased space with a few adjustments. Thus, the tenant's primary objective will be to reduce the financial burden of the lease by negotiating a temporary reduction in the rent in exchange for other concessions.
One approach is to reduce the amount of space leased and/or relocate the premises to a less desirable or less improved location in the building. This is especially appealing to the landlord if it frees up a full floor of space, for example, to lease to a new tenant.
Another approach is to alter the amount of rent due under the lease, either by unconditionally reducing the rent per square foot, declaring a lease "holiday" for a discrete period of time, or deferring a portion of the rent until later during the term of the lease. It is not uncommon for the parties to agree to extend the lease term in exchange for the rent reduction under the theory that by granting the rent reduction the landlord is creating a more viable tenant the landlord will want to lease to for a longer period of time. However, a landlord will want to condition any such rent modification on the tenant not defaulting in the future. Upon any future default, the tenant's previous higher rental obligations return.
A landlord's rental accommodations typically come at a price to the tenant, however. Landlords will typically look to strip the lease of: (i) existing economic advantages, such as undisbursed tenant improvement allowances or impending free rent or moving allowances; (ii) tenant options, such as early termination rights, expansion and/or extension options; and/or (iii) generally favorable provisions, such as representations and indemnities given to the tenant in a more generous leasing market. In addition (or in the alternative) to such provisions, landlords might ask for additional lease guaranties or increased security deposits (or a security deposit in the form of a letter of credit instead of cash), or introduce net worth, income flow or other financial tests to be met in order for the tenant to expand the premises or extend the lease, or possibly as a covenant allowing the landlord to terminate the lease if such financial test is not met by the tenant. More aggressive landlords might also ask for a stipulated judgment for possession of the premises, avoiding the eviction process in the event of a subsequent tenant default.
Finally, sometimes a landlord will ask for — or a tenant will offer — warrants in the tenant's company at an attractive "strike price" under the theory that a landlord who grants a tenant rental concessions is much like an economic partner in the company who deserves a piece of the "up side" created by those concessions.
The foregoing overview is not an exhaustive list of all possible options available for dealing with troubled leases. It is merely meant to outline several ways to address leases involving too much space or that are above market rents. The best available option will vary based on individual circumstances, and landlords and tenants will want to discuss all of these options with experienced counsel.
*Doug Van Gessel
is a partner with Sheppard Mullin Richter & Hampton in San Francisco. His
practice focuses on real estate and business transactions. He can be reached
at dvangessel@sheppardmullin.com. Katey Allen is an associate at Sheppard
Mullin Richter & Hampton in San Francisco. Her practice emphasizes real
estate and land use. She can be reached at kallen@sheppardmullin.com.
This article is reprinted
from The Marin Lawyer with the approval of the authors
OK, this is a Tech Tip only in that it technically applies to earning the 20 or so credit hours per year of continuing education required for ASA reaccreditation. Did you know that you receive 1 credit hour for each ASA Chapter meeting you attend?
Yes? Well, did you know that if you attend a second chapter meeting in the same fiscal year you receive 4 credit hours for it? That makes 5 big credit hours for attending two chapter meetings. Now, that’s worth the effort. I guess the theory is that if you attend two meetings and benefit from the networking, the program and the camaraderie, you will want to keep coming back. And we hope you do! Be sure you sign the roster at each meeting, because it is turned in to ASA for immediate posting to your education history.
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Chapter
officers:
Chapter President Robin J.
Erdmann, ASA (RP)
Chapter Vice President Douglas S.
Baxter (PP)
Chapter Secretary Gil Mitchell, ASA (MTS)
Chapter Treasurer Robert P.
Lentz III, ASA (BV)
Chapter Past Chair William C.
Schnitzer, ASA (RP)
Discipline Directors and Associate Directors:
Business
Valuation Jim Schilt, ASA / Alan Karbousky, ASA
Gems & Jewelry Nancy Stacy, ASA / Maury
Woulf
Master Gemologist Appraiser
MTS Gil Mitchell, ASA / tba
Personal Property Roger Rapport, ASA / tba
Real Property Will Schnitzer, ASA / tba
Anyone interested in
being an active participant in the chapter should contact Robin J. Erdmann,
MAI ASA at robinerdmann@comcast.net
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ASA NorCal March Dinner Meeting
Roger Raport, Dave Lewis, Paul Rowen, Gil Mitchell & Emily Newell
Rotem Cohen & Maruy Woulf |
Ancient Coin Expert Richard Pearlman
Stephen
Braitman, Richard Pearlman
,Nancy Stacy, Robin Erdmann, Bob Lentz, Merv Cohen
Emily Newell, Bob
Podwalny, Doug Baxter, Rotem Cohen |